{"id":4010,"date":"2025-09-29T06:32:19","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T06:32:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/?p=4010"},"modified":"2025-09-29T10:33:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T10:33:33","slug":"restoring-island-biodiversity-innovative-solutions-for-threatened-ecosystems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/fr\/blog\/restoring-island-biodiversity-innovative-solutions-for-threatened-ecosystems\/","title":{"rendered":"Restoring island biodiversity: Innovative solutions for threatened ecosystems\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Islands are biodiversity hotspots, yet today they are under threat. Despite contributing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2351989421003978\">only around 6.7% of land surface area, islands harbor around 20% of the Earth\u2019s biodiversity<\/a>. To put these numbers into perspective: if the Earth\u2019s total landmass were divided into 15 equal parts, all islands would fit into just one of these \u2013 and that single part would contain over 3.5 times as many species as the other 14. Unfortunately, islands are also home to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.islandconservation.org\/preventing-extinctions\/\">nearly half of all threatened species in the world<\/a>, with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.islandconservation.org\/island-species-race-extinction\/\">around 75%<\/a> of all known extinctions having occurred on islands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/res2iguana-galapagos-Adobe-stock-CC.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/res2iguana-galapagos-Adobe-stock-CC.png 840w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/res2iguana-galapagos-Adobe-stock-CC-768x456.png 768w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/res2iguana-galapagos-Adobe-stock-CC-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e9b27d4a2d0df7b227a8603ab37ba76a\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><em>Gal\u00e1pagos Land Iguanas are listed as <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/5240\/3014082\">Vulnerable<\/a><em> by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/iucn.org\/\">IUCN<\/a><em>). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the major threats to biodiversity worldwide are invasive alien species. These are species that are accidentally or intentionally introduced into an ecosystem, often spreading and posing a threat to native species. Island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable, with invasive species estimated to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/334715871_Island_Biodiversity_in_the_Anthropocene\">threaten over 2000 species worldwide, 73% of which are found exclusively on islands<\/a>. Invasive rodents \u2013 like mice and rats \u2013 have made their way to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2351989415000244?via=ihub\">over 80% of island groups<\/a> worldwide, often hitching rides on ships and cargo. Once there, they wreak havoc on native wildlife and ecosystems by eating eggs, outcompeting endemic species, and destroying habitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"902\" height=\"601\" src=\"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4012\" srcset=\"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-1.jpeg 902w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-1-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-1-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 902px) 100vw, 902px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-af22a5acf7b143e3da782244d7cd751d\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><em>Seabird egg predation by rodents can devastate an island ecosystem. Photograph: Island Conservation<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conservationists have fought back with eradication programs, often relying on techniques such as poison bait or trapping. Although these approaches have achieved many successes, scaling them can be challenging \u2013 particularly on large or remote islands \u2013 and they can have negative impacts on non-target species. Complete eradication of invasive threats from islands is not always possible and even small numbers of rodents can allow the population to quickly rebound. In this context, researchers have been exploring new tools that can complement existing conservation approaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A New Genetic Tool for Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gene drives are an emerging form of genetic engineering that could tip the evolutionary scales in our favor. Normally, genes are passed on to offspring in a 50\/50 split \u2014 the basic rule of Mendelian inheritance. But with a gene drive, scientists can bias this process so that a particular gene is inherited far more frequently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the context of rodent control, ongoing research is focusing on developing a gene drive approach that could control the number of invasive rodents by driving a trait through the local population that makes females infertile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"854\" src=\"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resheidi-bruce-LJIjXgutX4g-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4016\" srcset=\"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resheidi-bruce-LJIjXgutX4g-unsplash.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resheidi-bruce-LJIjXgutX4g-unsplash-1079x720.jpg 1079w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resheidi-bruce-LJIjXgutX4g-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resheidi-bruce-LJIjXgutX4g-unsplash-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3234d4ac575d162165e2aab5abbe0b81\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><em>Invasive rats, primarily the black rat (Rattus rattus), have <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/galapagosconservation.org.uk\/species\/black-rat\/\">severely impacted<\/a><em> the Galapagos Islands by preying on the eggs and young of ground-nesting birds and reptiles, driving some species to near extinction.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gene drive systems have already been successfully developed in invertebrates such as mosquitoes, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2213308119\">until recently<\/a>, they had proven challenging to develop in rodents. In 2022, Professor Paul Thomas and his PhD student Luke Gierus at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adelaide.edu.au\/\">University of Adelaide<\/a> found a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adelaide.edu.au\/newsroom\/news\/list\/2022\/11\/08\/world-first-technology-to-suppress-invasive-mice\">clever workaround<\/a>. They took advantage of a natural gene drive already found in mice: the <em>t<\/em>-haplotype, which naturally biases inheritance in male mice due to sperm competition. The engineered gene drive \u2013 called <strong>t-CRISPR<\/strong> \u2013 leverages this naturally occurring drive to spread faulty-copies of a female fertility gene which overtime impact the mice population\u2019s ability to reproduce. Using this approach, modified mice have already successfully been developed in the lab. We are now working to understand how these mice would spread if they were to be released in the wild. Part of this work involves modeling studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Modeling Nature<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong><strong>s Complexity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modeling is not just about answering the question: \u201cWill it work?\u201d Models are designed to simulate intricate biological and ecological realities. Researchers have to consider complex mating behaviors including how mice find mates, choose partners, and move around their environment. Incorporating all these variables into the models helps us better predict how the gene drive might spread, and what factors might make or break its success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The results so far are encouraging. Our models <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.16361\">suggest<\/a> that <strong>t-CRISPR <\/strong>could eradicate large island populations of invasive mice within a reasonable timeframe. Not only that, but the same technology could potentially help mitigate the devastating mouse plagues that periodically sweep across agricultural regions in Australia, reducing populations by up to 90%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"772\" src=\"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resAdobeStock_115912923-1920x772.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4017\" srcset=\"https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resAdobeStock_115912923-1920x772.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resAdobeStock_115912923-1280x515.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resAdobeStock_115912923-768x309.jpg 768w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resAdobeStock_115912923-1536x617.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resAdobeStock_115912923-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/genedrivenetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/resAdobeStock_115912923.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e0989e295be4e4abcad68ac65b2c2f63\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><em>In 2013, the Tufted Puffin <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.islandconservation.org\/value-preventing-island-extinctions\/\">was discovered<\/a><em> breeding on Hawadax Island for the first time ever following the removal of invasive rats.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hope for threatened ecosystems<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Removing invasive species from islands <a href=\"https:\/\/www.islandconservation.org\/late-island-tonga-implementing-and-monitoring-conservation-actions-that-work\/\">improves biodiversity and ecosystem health<\/a>. Successful eradication efforts not only help native species recover <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0202-3\">but also help restore vital nutrient flows<\/a> between land and sea. In turn, this supports healthier fish populations, stronger coral reefs, and greater resources for local communities. Gene drive technologies are not a silver bullet, and they come with ethical and ecological considerations. However, as islands \u2013 and the unique species they support \u2013 continue to face existential threats from invasive rodents, these technologies have the potential to support ongoing conservation efforts and help restore these threatened ecosystems. With thoughtful design, rigorous testing, and transparent dialogue with the public and policymakers, gene drive technologies could help us rethink how we protect island ecosystems and manage invasive species going forward.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Islands are biodiversity hotspots, yet today they are under threat. Despite contributing only around 6.7% of land surface area, islands harbor around 20% of the Earth\u2019s biodiversity. To put these numbers into perspective: if the Earth\u2019s total landmass were divided into 15 equal parts, all islands would fit into just one of these \u2013 and&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":4015,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[816],"tags":[],"post_series":[],"class_list":["post-4010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Restoring island biodiversity: Innovative solutions for threatened ecosystems\u00a0 - Gene Drive Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Unfortunately, islands are also home to nearly half of all threatened species in the world, with around 75% of all known extinctions having occurred on islands.\" 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